2023 in Roman numerals at a glance
- Roman numeral
- MMXXIII
- Lowercase
- mmxxiii
- Letters
- 7
- Parts
- M · M · X · X · I · I · I
- Subtractive pairs
- None
- Read aloud
- twenty twenty-three
- Leap year?
- No
How MMXXIII is built
Roman numerals are written one decimal place at a time, from the largest place to the smallest. Converting each digit of 2023 separately and joining the pieces gives MMXXIII:
| Place | Digit | Value | Numeral |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thousands | 2 | 2,000 | MM |
| Hundreds | 0 | 0 | — (zero has no symbol) |
| Tens | 2 | 20 | XX |
| Ones | 3 | 3 | III |
Reading it back, left to right:
- M = 1,000 → running total 1,000
- M = 1,000 → running total 2,000
- X = 10 → running total 2,010
- X = 10 → running total 2,020
- I = 1 → running total 2,021
- I = 1 → running total 2,022
- I = 1 → running total 2,023
Why MMXXIII has 7 letters
Every year from 2000 to 2099 begins with MM (2,000); the rest of MMXXIII after MM — XXIII — spells out 23. Of the 201 years from 1900 to 2100, 54 have a longer numeral and 101 a shorter one.
The rules MMXXIII follows
- Largest to smallest. MMXXIII uses the symbols M, X and I (7 characters in all), and the values never increase from left to right except inside a subtractive pair.
- No subtraction needed. None of the digits of 2023 is a 4 or a 9, so MMXXIII is purely additive: just add the symbol values.
- Repetition. MM repeats M two times, XX repeats X two times and III repeats I three times. I, X, C and M may repeat up to three times in a row; V, L and D never repeat.
The year 2023 in Roman numerals: where it appears
- Credits, diplomas and keepsakes. Many productions still print the copyright year as a numeral, and recent dates such as MMXXIII are popular for wedding bands, tattoos and anniversary gifts.
- Championship numbering. The pro football championship played in early 2023 was game LVII (57), since the series began with game I in January 1967.
- On a calendar. 2023 was not a leap year (365 days), and January 1 fell on a Sunday. A full date such as July 4, 2023 is often written VII · IV · MMXXIII.
To turn a complete birth date or wedding date into numerals — with dots, dashes or spaces in US or day-first order — use the Roman numeral date converter.
Years around 2023 in Roman numerals
| Year | Roman numeral | Letters |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | MMXVIII | 7 |
| 2019 | MMXIX | 5 |
| 2020 | MMXX | 4 |
| 2021 | MMXXI | 5 |
| 2022 | MMXXII | 6 |
| 2023 | MMXXIII | 7 |
| 2024 | MMXXIV | 6 |
| 2025 | MMXXV | 5 |
| 2026 | MMXXVI | 6 |
| 2027 | MMXXVII | 7 |
| 2028 | MMXXVIII | 8 |
Frequently asked questions
How do you write 2023 in Roman numerals?
2023 is written MMXXIII. Break it into M (1000), M (1000), X (10), X (10), I (1), I (1), I (1) and add the parts: 1000 + 1000 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 2023.
How do you say MMXXIII?
Read the value, not the letters: MMXXIII is the year 2023, said “twenty twenty-three.” Spelling out the letters one by one is only useful when checking a carving or engraving.
What year comes after MMXXIII?
2024, written MMXXIV. The year before, 2022, is MMXXII.