2013 in Roman numerals at a glance
- Roman numeral
- MMXIII
- Lowercase
- mmxiii
- Letters
- 6
- Parts
- M · M · X · I · I · I
- Subtractive pairs
- None
- Read aloud
- twenty thirteen
- Leap year?
- No
How MMXIII is built
Roman numerals are written one decimal place at a time, from the largest place to the smallest. Converting each digit of 2013 separately and joining the pieces gives MMXIII:
| Place | Digit | Value | Numeral |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thousands | 2 | 2,000 | MM |
| Hundreds | 0 | 0 | — (zero has no symbol) |
| Tens | 1 | 10 | X |
| Ones | 3 | 3 | III |
Reading it back, left to right:
- M = 1,000 → running total 1,000
- M = 1,000 → running total 2,000
- X = 10 → running total 2,010
- I = 1 → running total 2,011
- I = 1 → running total 2,012
- I = 1 → running total 2,013
Why MMXIII has 6 letters
Every year from 2000 to 2099 begins with MM (2,000); the rest of MMXIII after MM — XIII — spells out 13. Of the 201 years from 1900 to 2100, 100 have a longer numeral and 55 a shorter one.
The rules MMXIII follows
- Largest to smallest. MMXIII uses the symbols M, X and I (6 characters in all), and the values never increase from left to right except inside a subtractive pair.
- No subtraction needed. None of the digits of 2013 is a 4 or a 9, so MMXIII is purely additive: just add the symbol values.
- Repetition. MM repeats M two times and III repeats I three times. I, X, C and M may repeat up to three times in a row; V, L and D never repeat.
The year 2013 in Roman numerals: where it appears
- Credits, diplomas and keepsakes. Many productions still print the copyright year as a numeral, and recent dates such as MMXIII are popular for wedding bands, tattoos and anniversary gifts.
- Championship numbering. The pro football championship played in early 2013 was game XLVII (47), since the series began with game I in January 1967.
- On a calendar. 2013 was not a leap year (365 days), and January 1 fell on a Tuesday. A full date such as July 4, 2013 is often written VII · IV · MMXIII.
To turn a complete birth date or wedding date into numerals — with dots, dashes or spaces in US or day-first order — use the Roman numeral date converter.
Years around 2013 in Roman numerals
| Year | Roman numeral | Letters |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | MMVIII | 6 |
| 2009 | MMIX | 4 |
| 2010 | MMX | 3 |
| 2011 | MMXI | 4 |
| 2012 | MMXII | 5 |
| 2013 | MMXIII | 6 |
| 2014 | MMXIV | 5 |
| 2015 | MMXV | 4 |
| 2016 | MMXVI | 5 |
| 2017 | MMXVII | 6 |
| 2018 | MMXVIII | 7 |
Frequently asked questions
How do you write 2013 in Roman numerals?
2013 is written MMXIII. Break it into M (1000), M (1000), X (10), I (1), I (1), I (1) and add the parts: 1000 + 1000 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 2013.
How do you say MMXIII?
Read the value, not the letters: MMXIII is the year 2013, said “twenty thirteen.” Spelling out the letters one by one is only useful when checking a carving or engraving.
What year comes after MMXIII?
2014, written MMXIV. The year before, 2012, is MMXII.