11 in Roman Numerals

11 in Roman numerals at a glance

Roman numeral

XI

Lowercase

xi

Letters

2

Parts

X · I

Subtractive pairs

None

In words

eleven

Latin name

undecim

How XI is built

Roman numerals are written one decimal place at a time, from the largest place to the smallest. Converting each digit of 11 separately and joining the pieces gives XI:

Reading it back, left to right:

• X = 10 → running total 10
• I = 1 → running total 11

The rules XI follows

• Largest to smallest. XI uses the symbols X and I (2 characters in all), and the values never increase from left to right except inside a subtractive pair.
• No subtraction needed. None of the digits of 11 is a 4 or a 9, so XI is purely additive: just add the symbol values.
• No repeats. Every symbol in XI appears once in a row, which is why the numeral stays short.

Where you will see XI

• Clock and watch faces. XI marks the 11 o’clock position.
• The U.S. Constitution. Amendments are often cited in Roman numerals: Amendment XI limits lawsuits against states in federal courts (ratified in 1795).
• Monarchs and popes. Regnal numbers use Roman numerals, as in Pope Pius XI, pope from 1922 to 1939.
• The modern Summer Games. They are officially numbered by Olympiad; the Games of the XI Olympiad belong to 1936: Berlin.
• Championship games. Pro football numbers its championship game with Roman numerals, starting from game I in January 1967. Game XI was played in early 1977.
• A single character. Unicode has a dedicated symbol for XI: Ⅺ (U+216A), mainly so East Asian text can set the numeral in one character cell. For ordinary writing, use the plain letters.
• Lists and outlines. Book chapters, acts of a play, outline headings and the preface pages of many books (in lowercase: xi) are numbered this way.

Numbers near 11 in Roman numerals

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